Life processes - Excretion notes

v  Excretion- The biological process of removal of harmful metabolic wastes in living organisms.
  • Excretion in human beings-
(Refer to figure 6.13 page no. 110 of N.C.E.R.T  Text book)
§  Organs of excretory system- (i) Kidneys        (iii) Urinary bladder
                                                           (ii) Ureters         (iv) Urethra
§  Kidneys-
(i)                  Two in number
(ii)                Bean shaped      
(iii)               Present in abdomen on either side of the backbone
(iv)              Basic unit is nephron.
a.       Glomerulus- Group of capillaries (cluster) present in Bowman’s                            capsule to receive blood from renal artery and filters it.
b.      Bowman’s capsule- Cup shaped structure, which contains glomerulus.
c.        Convoluted tubule- is long and reabsorbs vital nutrients like glucose, amino acids, salts, urea and water.
      Functions of Kidneys- (a) Filtration & removal of Nitrogenous wastes                                                                  
                          (b)  Reabsorption of vital nutrients
§  Ureters- Transport the urine formed in the kidneys to the urinary bladder.
§  Urinary bladder- Muscular bag like structure to store urine.
§  Urethra- Helps in removal of urine when the Urinary bladder is full.
§  Artificial kidney- Principle: Dialysis
  • Excretion in plants-   
    • Gaseous wastes- CO2  in respiration & O2 in photosynthesis are removed by the process of diffusion.
    • Excess water- is removed by transpiration.
    • Other wastes- (i) Stored in cellular vacuoles or in leaves, which fall off or as
                                  gums, resins, etc. in old xylem.
                             (ii)  Excreted in soil.
v  Important diagrams-
1.       Open & close stomata
2.       Steps of nutrition in Amoeba
3.       Alimentary canal of human beings/ Digestive system of human beings
4.       Respiratory system of human beings
5.       Structure of heart.
6.       Excretory system of human beings

7.       Structure of nephron

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